MOTS-c

MOTS-c is a small peptide of about 16 amino acids that is unusual because it is encoded inside mitochondrial DNA rather than the cell's nucleus. It belongs to a group called mitochondrial-derived peptides and is supplied here as an analytical-grade reference material for laboratory research use only.

Almost all peptides are built from instructions in nuclear DNA, but MOTS-c is encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. That origin is a big part of the scientific interest, since it suggests mitochondria can send out their own signaling molecules to the rest of the cell.

Not substantially. The published evidence is overwhelmingly preclinical -- cell cultures, animal models, and mechanistic or review articles -- with human data limited mostly to observational work on how MOTS-c levels relate to aging and metabolism. That is an important caveat when interpreting the research.

Chiefly how cells manage and burn energy, how muscle responds to metabolic stress, and how mitochondrial signaling changes with aging. These are laboratory research questions about mechanism, not established uses in people.

Melanotan II is provided as an analytical-grade, lyophilized reference material for laboratory research use only, with third-party testing (Vanguard) for identity and purity. It is not a drug or supplement and is not intended for human or veterinary use.